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The eyeball itself consists of an outer shell (cornea and sclera), a middle one - vascular and an inner one - the retina.
Sometimes in a vitreous body numerous hemorrhages are visible. Subsequently, fibrous strands form between it and the retina. The optic nerve head is pierced by blood vessels (optic neovascularization). As a rule, these symptoms are accompanied by a sharp decrease in vision. Very often, only at this stage, patients who neglect planned medical examinations go to the doctor.
Symptoms of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a lesion of the kidney vessels in diabetes mellitus with the further development of renal failure.
The structure of the kidney The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which consists of duphaston pills, capsule and tubules. The glomerulus is a collection of many capillaries through which the body's blood flows. From the capillary blood, all waste products of the body are filtered into the tubules, and urine is also formed. If the capillary wall is damaged, this function is impaired.
Symptoms of diabetic nephropathy include complaints from the patient as well as early diagnostic signs. For a very long time, diabetic nephropathy is asymptomatic. The general symptoms of diabetes come to the fore. Vivid clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy appear 10-15 years after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Prior to this, there are only laboratory signs of nephropathy. The main such sign is protein in the urine (or proteinuria), which can be detected during a routine medical examination. Normally, the amount of protein in daily urine should not exceed more than 30 mg. In the initial stages of nephropathy, the amount of protein in the urine per day ranges from 30 to 300 mg. In the later stages, when clinical symptoms appear, the protein concentration exceeds 300 mg per day.
- The mechanism of formation of this symptom is damage to the renal filter (its permeability increases), as a result of which it first passes small, and then large protein molecules.
- As the disease progresses, symptoms of renal failure begin to order dydrogesterone pills the general and diagnostic symptoms.
- The mechanism of edema formation is associated with the loss of proteins in the blood, which are excreted along with the urine.
- Normally, blood proteins create oncotic pressure, that is, they retain water within the vascular bed. However, with the loss of proteins, the fluid is no longer retained in the vessels and penetrates into the tissues.
Despite the fact that patients with diabetic nephropathy lose weight, they look edematous outwardly, which is due to massive edema.
Mark Lauffer, PA
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